Different fibers have different appearance shapes as well as different cross-sectional and longitudinal shapes.Microscopic observation is to use ordinary biological microscope or electron microscope to observe the longitudinal and cross-sectional morphology of fibers. In order to identify the type of unknown fiber.
Cotton: The cross section shape has a middle cavity and is irregularly circular. The longitudinal shape is flat and ribbon-shaped, with a slight natural twist.
Linen: The cross section shape is polygonal hollow tube. Longitudinal shape with lobes.
Silk: The cross section shape is triangular, and the corners are rounded. The longitudinal shape is transparent and smooth, with longitudinal stripes.
Wool: The cross section shape is round or nearly round. The longitudinal morphology is rough, scaly, needle-like, and naturally curly.
Viscose: There are many cross-sectional shapes. There are round, oval, zigzag, leaf, bean and so on. The longitudinal morphology has a smooth surface with clear striations.
Polyester: The cross-sectional shape is circular or approximately circular and various special-shaped cross-sections. The longitudinal surface is smooth, and some have unclear long stripes.
Nylon: The cross section shape is round or trilobal. The longitudinal morphology has a smooth surface with small dots.
Acrylic: The cross section shape is round, dumbbell-shaped or leaf-shaped. The longitudinal morphology is smooth with striations.
Vinylon: The cross section shape is waist-shaped or dumbbell-shaped. The longitudinal form is elongated, with grooves on the longitudinal surface.
Microscopic observation is suitable for natural fibers and regenerated fibers with obvious morphological characteristics. But with the development of chemical fiber industry. Continuous development and improvement of imitation natural fiber and easy-shaped fiber. Affected the accuracy of the identification results of this method.It needs to be considered comprehensively in combination with other identification methods.
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